Black Friday has become synonymous with doorbuster deals, packed stores, and the unofficial start to the holiday shopping season. But how did it all begin?
The term "Black Friday" didn’t originally refer to shopping. In the 1860s, it was used to describe a financial crisis caused by the collapse of the U.S. gold market on September 24, 1869. Two Wall Street financiers, Jay Gould and James Fisk, created a scheme to inflate gold prices, leading to market chaos when their plan unraveled.
The connection to shopping came later, with the term first appearing in the 1950s in Philadelphia. Local police used "Black Friday" to describe the chaos that ensued the day after Thanksgiving when throngs of shoppers and tourists descended on the city ahead of the annual Army-Navy football game. The increased traffic caused headaches for law enforcement and businesses alike.
By the 1980s, retailers saw an opportunity to reframe the term with a positive spin. They emphasized the idea that Black Friday marked the day businesses moved "into the black" (profitable) after being "in the red" (operating at a loss) for much of the year.
This narrative caught on, and Black Friday became a major shopping event. Retailers began offering significant discounts, attracting crowds eager to jumpstart their holiday shopping.
In the digital age, Black Friday has evolved dramatically. Online retailers joined the fray, offering deals that rival in-store promotions. The rise of e-commerce has also led to the emergence of "Cyber Monday," giving shoppers even more opportunities to score deals from the comfort of their homes.
Black Friday is now a global phenomenon, with countries worldwide adopting the tradition, often tailoring it to their unique markets. From flash sales to week-long events, Black Friday has transformed from a single-day shopping spree into an extended celebration of consumerism.
While Black Friday is a boon for businesses and deal-hunters alike, it also prompts reflection on consumer habits and the sustainability of our shopping practices. For many, it’s an opportunity to support local businesses or start thoughtful holiday shopping.
No matter how you choose to participate—or not—Black Friday remains a fascinating example of how traditions and commerce intertwine, creating a day that’s uniquely its own.
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